Human Microbiome and Microbiota

Robots, For Our Generation They Are New Invention Of 21St

Robots, for our generation they are new invention of 21st century, but truth is that even in ancient time’s great minds as Leonardo Da Vinci who was thinking to make a robots, which can make our life easier. As proof of people researchers discovered many interesting blueprints of robots, considering that it was 5 centuries ago this is astonishing. This essay will not be about robots that people use in military field or robots that we use in daily life this essay will reveal the field were robots play very big and important role, which is medicine. Nowadays medicine cannot exist without robots thanks to them we can treat many diseases that we thought untreatable or detect and find the ways to fight with new viruses. One man said that†¦show more content†¦The first transatlantic operation was made by surgeons in New York on patient in France. Recent telesurgey robots called remote-controlled da Vinci Robot. Surgeons who operated people using this robots claims that â₠¬Å"Basically, it’s the same as if I were next to the patient, just using telecommunication and robotics. It doesn’t feel different.†, â€Å"It’s the same as if I were sitting in the operating room,† he says. â€Å"I have both my hands on the robot the same way I would have instruments in both hands.† Even surgeon can speak with the nurses with speakers and give them instruction and surgeon can see everything moving robotic camera which makes function of his eyes. Although that telesurgery can change the world there still many issues that must be solved or it can lead to disaster. Poor and internet connection and big distance between surgeon and patient are the most important problems. For example when surgeon Merhan Avari made his 1st telesurgical operation there was a delay of about 175 milliseconds which is imperceptible, but if something interrupts the process we don’t expect robot finish operation in autopilot mode. Another issue r obots might not have programmed if something goes not as planned they might do not have function to act if blood circulation collapses, breathing stops, or there is an unforeseen reaction to drugs or chemicals, these are cases that youShow MoreRelatedEverything That Glitters Is Not Gold: The Negative Effects of Technology828 Words   |  3 PagesEverything That Glitters Is Not Gold The rapid evolution of technology is destroying the need for fundamental skills and drastically changing the lifestyles of humans. Technology of the 21st century is full of ground-breaking innovations. Creations for educational purposes, in the medical field, and for the way we communicate with each other on an everyday bases are all made easier and more accurate through technology. Technology helps find the causes and treatments of many diseases and illnessesRead MoreHuman Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence1233 Words   |  5 Pagesis as exceptional as or better than nature itself. 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The impact of Schizophrenia and Psychopathy to offending behaviour. Free Essays

string(172) " the early 1980s the general opinion was that people with schizophrenia were no more likely than the general population to be violent they claim that view is now outdated\." Introduction For many years people have associated mental disorders with offending behaviour and in particular, violent offending. According to Jones (2006 p, 383) evidence has been found that individuals who are mentally ill are at greater risk of arrest then the general population. He argues that in an attempt to investigate the relationship between mental disorders and offending behaviour studies have been conducted which have mainly focused on mental disorder in convicted offenders and offending rates in psychiatric populations. We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of Schizophrenia and Psychopathy to offending behaviour. or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result of these studies schizophrenia and psychopathy are the two disorders that appear to be most associated with offending. This essay will attempt to describe the terms schizophrenia and psychopathy in some detail and discuss the relation each in turn has with offending behaviour. Schizophrenia, according to Davenport (1996 p,172), is a severe mental disorder characterised with symptoms of disintegration in the thinking process, in emotional responsiveness and in contact with reality. Social relationships become impossible and cognitive functions are disturbed. Sufferers of schizophrenia may withdraw from other people and from everyday reality, often into a life of odd beliefs, or delusions, and hallucinations.The symptoms of schizophrenia can often make stable employment difficult, resulting in impoverishment and homelessness. The strange behaviour displayed by schizophrenics and the lack of social skills may lead to a loss of friends, a solitary existence and sometimes ridicule and persecution. The German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1896, cited by Gross, 2008. P.791) was the first to recognise schizophrenia as a separate mental illness. He described it as a distinct disorder which he called ‘dementia praecox’, meaning early insanity. Kraepelin believed that the symptoms were due to a form of mental deterioration that began in adolescences. However Bleuler (1911, cited by McGuire, Mason O’Kane, 2000, p.162), a Swiss psychiatrist, disagreed with Kraepelin, he believed that the disorder did not necessarily have an early onset and the name ‘dementia praecox’ was inappropriate. Bleuler proposed his own term for the disorder, one that is still used today, schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is taken from the Greek word schizein, meaning to split, and phren, meaning the mind to describe a disorder in which the personality loses its unity. Individuals with schizophrenia can significantly differ from one another and asKring et al (2010, p.321) explains this is because the range of symptoms in the diagnosis of schizophrenia is extensive and people may only have some of them at any given time. The symptoms of schizophrenia are divided into three categories. The first category refers to positive symptoms and these are based on Schneider’s first rank symptoms (1959, cited by Gross, 2008 p.791) which are subjective and include delusions, hallucinations and thought disturbances. Delusions are beliefs that are held contrary to reality and firmly held in spite of disconfirming evidence. Hallucinations which may be visual, these are often unpleasant and frequently include violence and destruction, but are most commonly auditory, typically as voices commenting or giving instructions. Thought disturbances are where thoughts are inserted into the mind (thought insertion), removed from the mind (thought withdrawal) or b roadcast to the mind (thought broadcasting) by external forces. The second category refers to negative symptoms that are based on Slater and Roth’s major symptoms (1969, cited by Gross, 2008, p.792). These are directly observable from the patient and include thought process disorder, disturbance of affect, psychomotor disturbance and lack of volition. Thought process disorder refers to the inability to keep to the point and becoming easily distracted. Disturbance of affect refers to affect that can be flat and expressionless or alternatively it can be inappropriate such as anger without provocation or laughter at misfortune. Psychomotor disturbance can take the form of bizarre facial grimaces, repeated gesturing or excited agitation of the body; alternatively unusual postures can be adopted and held, in a state of immobility, for long periods. Finally lack of volition refers to a lack of motivation and an absence of interest in or an inability to persist in what are usually routine activities including work, self care, social activiti es and affection for friends and family. The third category according to Kring et al (2010, p.324) refer to disorganised symptoms which include disorganised speech and disorganised behaviour. Disorganised speech refers to problems in organising and maintaining a logical and coherent flow of information, whilst disorganised behaviour refers to bizarre behaviour which can take many forms, sufferers seem to lose the ability to organise behaviour in a way that conforms to usual standards, performing everyday tasks also becomes difficult. Many studies have been conducted to examine the relationship, if any, between schizophrenia and offending behaviour, some of these studies have shown that there is a relationship between the two. For example Green (1981, cited by Jones, 2006, p. 389) conducted a survey of 58 men admitted to mental hospitals after they had killed their mothers and discovered that 75% of them were suffering from schizophrenia. Taylor (1986, p.76) conducted a survey of life sentence prisoners in London and discovered a high level of schizophrenia. These findings are inconsistent with the work of Monahan and Steadman (1983, cited by McGuire, Mason and O’Kane, 2000, p.165) who conducted an influential review of research that was conducted prior to the early 1980. Their findings suggested that there was little if any relationship between offending behaviour and schizophrenia. They argue that many of the studies that appear to suggest a link between schizophrenia and offending behaviour have failed to take into account demographic factors such as poverty and unemployment. When these kinds of factors were considered, the apparent relationship between schizophrenia and offending behaviour, particularly violence, disappeared. However, Mullen (2006, p.241) suggests that many of the factors that produce offending in the general population are important in producing offending in schizophrenia. These include disturbed backgrounds, poor social conditions, unemployment and substance abuse, among others. But those with schizophrenia may be more vulnerable to those influences and this in turn may increase offending behaviour. Whilst Walsh, Buchanan Fahy (2002, p.490) acknowledge that until the early 1980s the general opinion was that people with schizophrenia were no more likely than the general population to be violent they claim that view is now outdated. You read "The impact of Schizophrenia and Psychopathy to offending behaviour." in category "Essay examples" They conducted a review of the main studies that have influenced current thinking about the association between schizophrenia and offending, in particular violence, between January 1990 and December 2000. Three different approaches were examined and these included studies on violent acts in those with schizophrenia, schizophrenia in individuals who have committed violent acts and violence in those with and without schizophrenia, regardless of involvement with the mental health or criminal justice systems. They found that the majority of studies conducted over the past two decades have demonstrated a statistical association between schizophren ia and violence. Furthermore that people with schizophrenia are significantly more likely to be violent than members of the general population. Finally that the proportion of violence attributed to people suffering with schizophrenia is small. The second mental disorder that is most associated with offending behaviour is psychopathy. Psychopathy, according to McLaughlin and Muncie (2006, p.323) is a collection of personality traits that lead to emotional or behavioural problems serious enough to require psychiatric evaluation. Psychopaths have no concern for the feelings of others and a complete disregard of any sense of social obligation. Psychopaths are characterised by lack of empathy, poor impulse control and manipulative behaviours. Kring et al (2010, p.368) argue that psychopathic people have no shame, and their seemingly positive feelings for others are merely an act. They are superficially charming and use that charm to manipulate others for personal gain and satisfaction. Psychopathy was first recognised in the early 1800s where the term was used in Austrian psychiatry text books but as Jones (2006, p.392) explains, it was not until 1976 in his classic book The Mask of Sanity that Hervey Cleckley drew on his clinical experience to formulate diagnostic criteria for Psychopathy. Cleckley’s criteria for psychopathy focused less on behaviour as such and more on the person’s thoughts and feelings. Kring et al (2010, p.368) explain that Cleckley produced a checklist which consisted of 16 distinguishable characteristics of a psychopath, although various researchers have tried to identify the typical characteristics of a psychopath. They go on to argue that there has been widespread approval of 6 key elements described by Cleckley, they are lack of guilt or remorse, an inability to learn from experience, an inability to delay gratification, an inability to form emotional ties, the constant seeking of stimulation and a superficial charm. The most commonly used scale that attempts to operationalise the concept of psychopathy and make assessment more reliable according to Kring et al (2010 p,270), was developed by Robert Hare in 1991 and is called the psychopathy checklist revised, known as the PCL-R test. The checklist, based on Cleckley’s criteria, is a 20 item clinical rating scale that is completed through interview and information gathered from other sources including criminal records, social worker reports and case histories. The scale divides into two linked factors, factor one includes interpersonal items, such as superficial charm, grandiose sense of self worth and pathological lying, and affective symptoms such as lack of remorse or empathy. Finally factor two measures socially deviant or anti social lifestyles, such as proneness to boredom and delinquency. The exact relationship between psychopathy and offending behaviour according to Mclaughlin and Muncie (2006, p323) has not been completely understood but it is clear that psychopathic charachteristics are highly associated with offending. Among offenders who score highly on the PCL-R test there are also high levels of criminality and violence. Hobson and Shine (1998, p.504) findings supports this view, they found that once imprisoned, psychopaths display more violent and aggressive behaviour and are more frequently segregated from other prisoners. Furthermore, after release, the likelihood of reconviction is significantly above that for non psychopaths, particularly for violent crimes. This view is shared by Hemphill et al (1998, cited by Gross 2008, p.842) after his Meta analysis study found that psychopathic offenders were three times as likely to reoffend and four times more likely to violently reoffend within a year of release than non psychopathic offenders. The criteria of the PCL-R test may show how psychopathic characteristics relate to offending behaviour. According to McLaughlin and Muncie (2006, p.323) the criteria of factor one for example, which includes grandiose sense of self worth and arrogance, highlights the need of psychopathic individuals to feel they are of high status, this need could be satisfied through various types of offending. Being pathological liars can also facilitate certain types of offending behaviour. Psychopaths do not feel the usually constraining emotions of guilt, remorse or empathy; as a result of these lacks of constraints the likelihood of offending behaviour in psychopathic individuals is increased.The emotional volatility of psychopathic individuals may also explain the increased violence that is evident from the studies previously mentioned. The second factor of the PCL-R which includes characteristics like proneness to boredom, impulsivity and delinquency can demonstrate why offending behaviou r in psychopathic individuals is increased. The examination of any relationship between psychopathy and offending behaviour is not helped by the unsatisfactory definition of the disorder. Jones (2006, p.393) argues that the definition is circular in that there are certain behaviours that are used to help assess the disorder, the disorder is then, in turn used to explain these behaviours. He goes on that there is already an established link between psychopathy and offending behaviour as it seems crime is incorporated into the definition of the disorder, he concludes that by the very nature of the characteristics of psychopathy, in essence, psychopathic behaviour is criminal behaviour. On analysis of both mental disorder in convicted offenders and offending rates in the psychiatric population it is easy to establish a firm relationship between the two mental disorders described in this essay and offending behaviour. Schizophrenia is the disorder that is probably the most associated with violent offending, although the actual number does appear to be very small. There is also an established link between psychopathy and offending behaviour although, that does seem to be incorporated in the definition of the disorder. References Davenport, G.C. (1996). Essential Psychology. (2nd ed.). London: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. Gross, R. (2008) Psychology The Science Of Mind And Behaviour. (5th ed). London: Hodder Education. Hobson, J., Shine, J. (1998). Measurement of Psychopathy in a UK prison population referred for long term psychotherapy. British Journal of Criminology, 38,3, 504-515 Jones, S. (2006). Criminology. (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press Kring, A., Johnson, S., Davison, G., Neale, J. (2010). Abnormal Psychology. (11th Ed). West Sussex: Wiley Sons Ltd. McGuire, J., Mason, T., O’Kane, A. (Eds) (2000). Behaviour, Crime and Legal Process . West Sussex: Wiley Sons Ltd. McLaughlin, E. Muncie, J. (2006). The Sage Dictionary of Criminology (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd. Mullen, P.E. (2006). Schizophrenia and Violence: From Correlation to Preventive Strategies, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 12, 239-248 Taylor, P. (1986). Psychiatric disorders in London’s Life Sentenced Offenders. British Journal of Criminology, 26, 63-78 Walsh, E., Buchanan, A., Fahy, T. (2002). Violence and Schizophrenia – Examining the Evidence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 490-495. How to cite The impact of Schizophrenia and Psychopathy to offending behaviour., Essay examples

Purchasing A Small Business Essay Example For Students

Purchasing A Small Business Essay Purchasing a Small BusinessOutlineI. Deciding to buyA. Why buy a small business?B. Starting out-the nine stepsC. Initial details to consider1. Are partners needed?2. Economic factors3. Is the location acceptable?4. Tax strategyII. Where to startA. How much income is needed?B. The Thirteen Steps to acquiring a businessIII. Locating a potential purchaseA. The Acquisition PlanB. Beginning the search-who can help?III. Negotiating a purchase priceA. Valuation of a small business1.Why do a valuation?2. Choosing the method that is best for your situation3. Some different methods of valuing a businessa. Ability-To-Pay Methodb. Discounted Cash Flow Methodc. Excess Earnings MethodB. Calculating goodwillC. Setting the purchase priceD. The letter of intentIV. Finding the initial capitalA. Sources of financing1. Traditional sources2. Nontraditional sourcesB. Guaranteed loan programsV. Closing the deal1. Get a lawyer2. Audit review3. The closingVI. The rewards of working for yourselfThe decision t o purchase a business of your own is not an easy task. There are many things to consider before the final decision is made. First of all, exactly what do you want to accomplish? To make millions of dollars, right? Or is it to have the freedom of being your own boss? Whatever the reason, you must be sure that it is something that you are ready to devote an exorbitant amount of time and energy into and that it is something that you really want. Otherwise, you might be stuck doing something that you hate. If you are ready to commit then you must ask yourself just how far will that commitment extend. How much of your own time, energy, and money are you willing to sacrifice?After the decision is made, the acquisition of a small business can be summed-up into nine steps, in which most will be elaborated upon later. These are the nine steps to any business acquisition, regardless of its size or industry:1. The search, locating a business available for sale. 2. Identifying alternative candidates. 3. Valuing the business. 4. Negotiating a price and terms. 5. Investigating the company. 6. Preparing the business plan. 7. Sourcing the financing. 8. Preparing the closing documents. 9. Managing the transition period. (Tuller, 10)Some considerations that cannot be avoided when purchasing a small business include: the question of needing a partner, the current economic factors, considering alternate locations, and developing a tax strategy. When debating whether or not a partner is needed or wanted, you need to know if youre going to need additional equity as well as sharing the risk of failure. For these reasons, a partnership seems to be a great idea, but there are also many cons that should be recognized. Having too many partners can alter the ease of decision-making, shared liability can cause obvious problems, and sharing profits means less for you.Added to this, getting out of a partnership can be very difficult. Evaluating the current economic factors simply means to know what you are getting into. Be sure to have some knowledge about the business itself and its market. Know how to make and sell the product efficiently and in a service industry, be sure to know the current and correct way things are done-sometimes they are not one in the same. Location is key. Location of the target can be a major determinate in both the financing of the deal and probable success in managing the business after closing.Theres no sense spending time, effort, and money on a target located in the wrong place. (Tuller, 12) Along with this, the personal strife of having to travel a great distance to get to work can be very frustrating. So, be sure that the location of your potential business is profitable in every way. One the greatest minds of the 20th century, Albert Einstein, once said, tax is the most difficult thing in the world to understand. Unfortunately, with the ever-changing laws, that problem gets worse every year. This means that you should have knowledge of the current tax laws. You will have a unique opportunity to make decisions on exactly how much money will change hands, and how I will allocated on the payment schedule.(Smorgenburg, 112) Maximizing profit for both you and the seller can only be done through proper knowledge of tax law, if you are not comfortable handling this alone, a consultant might not bad a bad idea. After all of the above is settled, the next thing to figure is the amount of initial income is required. Not only the income required to purchase the entity (which will be elaborated upon later), but also the amount of money that you need to survive for the years to come. If you need $100,000, then dont look at smaller companies which can only yield $30,000. (Tuller, 23) The following 13 steps will help to locate a target and close the deal in the shortest possible time-and when buying a company, time is money. 1. Define realistic parameters. 2. Prepare a reasonable Acquisition Plan. 3. Review current tax laws for structuring the deal. 4. Develop a detailed plan for sourcing potential targets. 5. Perform a preliminary due diligence investigation. 6. Negotiate a price and terms based on a realistic valuation. 7. Perform a thorough due diligence investigation. 8. Prepare a complete business plan. 9. Develop sources for at least three alternative financing structures. 10. Arrange for the final updated due diligence investigation. 11. Write the Buy/Sell Agreement and negotiate the final contract language. To Build a Fire - Significance of the Words Dying EssayEquity financing means obtaining funds in exchange for selling or giving up a part of interest in the business. Equity financing is not a loan; rather, it is the sale of a part of you business.(Fallek, 82) The popularity of equity financing has increased in the high tech industries in the past few years. However, selling a part of your newly purchased business may not be your cup of tea, so choose your type of financing wisely. Some traditional sources of capital include yourself, family and friends, commercial banks, loan companies, insurance companies, credit unions and private investors. The old saying, dont mix business with pleasure is applicable when dealing with family and friends. Taking a loan from these sources can cause turmoil if the loan cannot be paid back. Banks are the standard for business lending. The amount they charge is based on two factors: the size and history of the customer and the risk the bank will take in providing the loan.(Fallek, 85) If you are able to decrease the banks risk and have a standing credit line, you will get the most out of your loan. The other types of traditional lenders are less frequently used, but are also good sources of capital. Nontraditional money sources are unlimited in number and type, but you need to be creative to acquire the necessary funds from them.(Fallek, 89) These sources include customers, suppliers, leasing companies, local development compan ies, and advertising for money. Customers or potential customers are often great sources of funding, as well as suppliers. Suppliers will furnish you with the necessary equipment and product. Leasing companies and local development companies are also good nontraditional sources of capital. You can actively seek funding by running a display advertisement in the business section under the appropriate heading in the classified ads of your local newspaper. Specify the amount of money needed and the type of business for which it will be used.(Fallek, 91) Yet another source for funding might be through the Small Business Administration. They offer different types of loan programs to small businesses. The SBA Guaranteed Loan Program grants a loan on the basis that the individual needs more time than allotted by other lenders to pay back the loan, has insufficient credit, or lack business experience. There are no restrictions as to the number of SBA loans a company or individual may have, a s long as the SBAs exposure does not exceed $750,000.(Fallek, 96) The final step in acquisition of a business is the closing. You will need a lawyer if you dont currently have one. The search for the right lawyer requires certain questions to be answered. For instance, you want to find out the lawyers hourly rates, experience, availability, if there is any conflict of interest between the lawyer and the seller, and any other applicable questions. The best way to find a lawyer is word of mouth, ask friends and family for references. When a lawyer is located, you must then begin the audit review. Even thought most buyers work with their local CPA in preparing the business plan and counsel with him on tax matters relative to the acquisition, the audit review should be preformed by an independent CPA firm in the same city as the target company; preferably on of the Big-5 firms. The audit review consists of a comprehensive look at business since the last audit with particular emphasis on determining the adequacy of internal controls and internal reports.(Tuller, 192) Be sure to take this step, it examines all aspects of the business and insures that it is a safe investment. After this is complete, its time to close the deal. The documents generally needed for proper closure are: a buy/sell agreement, an earn out agreement, a promissory note terms and conditions agreement, title search and title insurance, lease agreements, employment contracts, personal guarantees, and an equity agreement with the lender. These documents are dealt with and an announcement should be made to the employees, customers, and vendors of the change in ownership. There is a mood of anticipation, of excitement, and even-if the truth be know-of fear. Of all the events which take place in the business world, nothing can match an acquisition closing for pure excitement and thrill.(Tuller, 203) the actual signing of the transfer documents will not usually take more than an hour. The key is not to worry about what you are signing, thats what your lawyer is for. After all the money spent, the time devoted and the effort put forth, the business is finally yours. Running your own business can be very rewarding. You dont have anyone to answer to besides the government. You are in complete control. Along with this the ability to write off certain expenses is enough of a reward in itself. The effort you put forth is completely up to you. The life and death of the business is in your hands. Bibliography1. Fallek, Max (1994). Finding Money for Your Small Business Enterprise-Dearborn: USA2. Fluery, Robert (1995). The Small Business Survival GuideSourcebooks, Inc.: Naperville, IL3. Horn, Thomas (1990). Business Valuation ManualCharter Oak Press: Lancaster PA4. Peterson, C.D. (1990). How To Leave Your Job and But A Business of Your OwnSVS, Inc. (Video)5. Smorenburg, Michael (1998) Business Buyers KitCareer Press: Franklin Lakes, NJ 6. Tuller, Lawrence (1990) Buying In: A Complete Guide to Acquiring a Business orProfessional PracticeLiberty Hall Press: Blue Ridge Sumit, PAWords/ Pages : 2,853 / 24

Fermantation Essay Example

Fermantation Essay Fermentation Lab Introduction For bacteria and many single-celled protists fermentation is a common anaerobic pathway that the cells use to collect energy from carbohydrates to form ATP. The process for fermentation begins in the cytoplasm with a process called glycolysis, which converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. When glycolysis is complete four ATP would be produced but the net yield would be two ATP taking into account the initial investment of two ATP. In the next stage of alcoholic fermentation the pyruvate splits itself into carbon dioxide and acetaldehyde. NADH is then taken from the acetaldehyde and ethanol is left. (Starr, Evers Starr, 2011) Bread making is an example of alcoholic fermentation, the yeast being the reason that the bread rising. As explained before the carbon dioxide molecules that are given off during the second stage of fermentation caused the dough to rise and the ethanol that was left bakes out of the bread. Methods and Materials In order to start this experiment we first needed to get two bowls and two spoons in order to have a control bowl and an experimental bowl. We then put the one cup of flour in the control bowl followed by all the other dry ingredients; three quarters of a tablespoon of sugar, one quarter of a tablespoon of salt, one and one quarter tablespoon of dehydrated milk, and one tablespoon of yeast. We then mixed that together and added one half tablespoon of margarine we mixed that while gradually mixing the one half cup of warm tap water. As we did before we then put one cup of flour in the experimental bowl followed by all the other dry ingredients; three quarters of a tablespoon of sugar, one quarter of a tablespoon of salt, and one tablespoon of yeast. We will write a custom essay sample on Fermantation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fermantation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fermantation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We mixed that together and added one half tablespoon of margarine we mixed that while slowly mixing in the one half cup of warm tap water. In order to expedite the process of rising we took out a hot plate and heated it to one hundred and ninety degrees Celsius. We then put both the control and the experimental dough into two two-hundred milliliter beakers, labeled them, recorded how full they were when we started and covered the tops with plastic wrap. We then put the two beakers on the hot plate and watched them rise. The lab group decided that we would not test it for any certain amount of time; we would heat it until one of the beakers had two hundred milliliters of dough in it. Finally we recorded the end results and cleaned up our lab station. Results In this experiment while both of the experimental and control dough rose, the experimental dough rose faster and had more than the control dough, the difference is illustrated in that data section with table one and graph one. The plastic wrap rose while on both the beakers while the dough was rising. The dough at the bottom of the beakers turned a toasty brown color. Summary The experiment this week was meant to show fermentations and all the factors that could influence it. While the dough did rise on both the doughs, it proved my hypothesis wrong; I thought that reducing the milk in the dough would reduce the rate at which the bread would rise and reduce how much it did rise. We watched the dough until it reached the two-hundred milliliter mark and that took about twenty-five minutes. Looking back on what we did I do realize that there were some mistakes that could affect the outcome, while fermentation did happen it could have an effect at what rate and how much the dough rose. First of all we probably had that hot plates set to a temperature that was too high, this conclusion came due to the fact that that dough at the bottom of the beakers was toasty looking. This could mean that we were actually killing off the yeast instead of quickening the process of fermentation. Milk contains bacteria normally and that is why we used dry milk to cut down on the bacteria and enzymes. The water also could have been too warm for the control dough causing it not to rise as much. Though the dough did rise more without the milk, I am unsure of the cause. It could be a number of reasons why the dough without milk rose more than the dough with milk rose more though it appeared when they had the plastic wrap on them they had the same amount of carbon dioxide. In all it shows that while not using the milk in dough did effect fermentation. References Starr, C. , Evers, C. A. , Starr, L. , (2011) Biology: Concepts and Applications. Belmont: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Data Table 1 Started Stopped Difference Control dough 125 mL 177 mL 52 mL Experimental dough 140 mL 202 mL 62 mL Fermantation Essay Example Fermantation Essay Fermentation Lab Introduction For bacteria and many single-celled protists fermentation is a common anaerobic pathway that the cells use to collect energy from carbohydrates to form ATP. The process for fermentation begins in the cytoplasm with a process called glycolysis, which converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. When glycolysis is complete four ATP would be produced but the net yield would be two ATP taking into account the initial investment of two ATP. In the next stage of alcoholic fermentation the pyruvate splits itself into carbon dioxide and acetaldehyde. NADH is then taken from the acetaldehyde and ethanol is left. (Starr, Evers Starr, 2011) Bread making is an example of alcoholic fermentation, the yeast being the reason that the bread rising. As explained before the carbon dioxide molecules that are given off during the second stage of fermentation caused the dough to rise and the ethanol that was left bakes out of the bread. Methods and Materials In order to start this experiment we first needed to get two bowls and two spoons in order to have a control bowl and an experimental bowl. We then put the one cup of flour in the control bowl followed by all the other dry ingredients; three quarters of a tablespoon of sugar, one quarter of a tablespoon of salt, one and one quarter tablespoon of dehydrated milk, and one tablespoon of yeast. We then mixed that together and added one half tablespoon of margarine we mixed that while gradually mixing the one half cup of warm tap water. As we did before we then put one cup of flour in the experimental bowl followed by all the other dry ingredients; three quarters of a tablespoon of sugar, one quarter of a tablespoon of salt, and one tablespoon of yeast. We will write a custom essay sample on Fermantation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fermantation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fermantation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We mixed that together and added one half tablespoon of margarine we mixed that while slowly mixing in the one half cup of warm tap water. In order to expedite the process of rising we took out a hot plate and heated it to one hundred and ninety degrees Celsius. We then put both the control and the experimental dough into two two-hundred milliliter beakers, labeled them, recorded how full they were when we started and covered the tops with plastic wrap. We then put the two beakers on the hot plate and watched them rise. The lab group decided that we would not test it for any certain amount of time; we would heat it until one of the beakers had two hundred milliliters of dough in it. Finally we recorded the end results and cleaned up our lab station. Results In this experiment while both of the experimental and control dough rose, the experimental dough rose faster and had more than the control dough, the difference is illustrated in that data section with table one and graph one. The plastic wrap rose while on both the beakers while the dough was rising. The dough at the bottom of the beakers turned a toasty brown color. Summary The experiment this week was meant to show fermentations and all the factors that could influence it. While the dough did rise on both the doughs, it proved my hypothesis wrong; I thought that reducing the milk in the dough would reduce the rate at which the bread would rise and reduce how much it did rise. We watched the dough until it reached the two-hundred milliliter mark and that took about twenty-five minutes. Looking back on what we did I do realize that there were some mistakes that could affect the outcome, while fermentation did happen it could have an effect at what rate and how much the dough rose. First of all we probably had that hot plates set to a temperature that was too high, this conclusion came due to the fact that that dough at the bottom of the beakers was toasty looking. This could mean that we were actually killing off the yeast instead of quickening the process of fermentation. Milk contains bacteria normally and that is why we used dry milk to cut down on the bacteria and enzymes. The water also could have been too warm for the control dough causing it not to rise as much. Though the dough did rise more without the milk, I am unsure of the cause. It could be a number of reasons why the dough without milk rose more than the dough with milk rose more though it appeared when they had the plastic wrap on them they had the same amount of carbon dioxide. In all it shows that while not using the milk in dough did effect fermentation. References Starr, C. , Evers, C. A. , Starr, L. , (2011) Biology: Concepts and Applications. Belmont: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Data Table 1 Started Stopped Difference Control dough 125 mL 177 mL 52 mL Experimental dough 140 mL 202 mL 62 mL

Ideology of Marxism

Ideology of Marxism Free Online Research Papers The ideology of marxism is â€Å"revolutionary socialism† based on the theories of Karl and Engels, emphasizing common ownership of the means of production and a planned, or command economy. The principle held is that each should work according to his or her capacity and receive according to his or her needs. Politically, it seeks the overthrow of capitalism through a proletarian (working-class) revolution. The Manifesto reflects an attempt to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory underlying this movement. It argues that class struggles, or the use of one class by another, are the motivating force behind all historical developments. Class relationships are defined by an eras means of production. However, eventually these relationships cease to be well-matched with the developing forces of production. At this point, a revolution occurs and a new class emerges as the ruling one. Modern Industrial society in specific is characterized by class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. However, the productive forces of capitalism are quickly ceasing to be compatible with this unequal relationship. Thus, the proletariat will lead a revolution. However, this revolution will be of a different character than all previous ones: previous revolutions simply reallocated property in favor of the new ruling class. Ho wever, by the nature of their class, the members of the proletariat have no way of appropriating property. Therefore, when they obtain control they will have to destroy all ownership of private property, and classes themselves will disappear. The Manifesto argues that this development is inevitable, and that capitalism is inherently unstable. The Communists intend to promote this revolution, and will promote the parties and associations that are moving history towards its natural conclusion. They argue that the elimination of social classes cannot come about through reforms or changes in government. Rather, a revolution will be required. Communism seems very enticing on paper, but from what we’ve actually seen in the past, it’s not necessarily the most effective way to run a country. Having the proletarian class over throw the bourgeoisie sounds alluring because of their current compatibility. The bourgeoisie are the middleclass merchants while the proletarians are the lower class labors, wage earners. The bourgeoisie want to produce their products as cheap as possible, while the proletarians are trying to make a living on a pettily wage that won’t increase because of the selfishness of the bourgeoisie. From a proletarians perspective, this makes communism attractive, which made it attractive to the western society because the bulk of society was of the proletarian class. From what we’ve learned in the past, communism was a reasonable response to the situation of the western world in the nineteenth century. What we say previously in lets say France, was the French revolution. They a bolished the monarch to acquire more freedom to the people, but eventually evolved into another monarch with napoleon Bonaparte. When a country is ruled by a monarch, it seems a lot of blood is shed for political advancement. The cost of Napoleon’s rule was high: 750, 000 French soldiers and 400, 000 others from annexed and satellite states. With numbers like these its no wonder why communism is so attractive. Putting power into the hands of the lower class seems like a good idea at this point. I believe that there are some aspects that Christians can agree and commend, but for the most part, communism eventually down spirals. If communism were so effective, then there would be more than a handful of countries practicing it’s ideology. The idea of bestowing power onto the lowers classes sounds lovely because of the way they have suffered in the past. I certainly don’t agree with slave labor, or working for the most minimum wage possible. Giving power to the people would break the bonds and give them more freedom. However, human nature has its own characteristics and from what I’ve learned, equality amongst the people would fade. Its in our nature to be competitive and you always want a better quality of life then the next guy. You may work harder then the next guy and think you deserve more. Why should someone who works hard and someone who is lazy be considered equal. People work hard for their achievements and should be awarded accordingly. Communism fails in this aspect of its ideology. Bestowing power to the people sounds good, but the equality talked about would never last. Human nature doesn’t allow us to share equality, we always want to be one step closer or higher then the next. 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Role of the State in Canadian Immigration Policy and Settlement Essay

Role of the State in Canadian Immigration Policy and Settlement - Essay Example The first question that needs to be answered is who has access to state power and the ability to make government policy? Of course the answer in an ideal situation would be the people. Democratic principles and democracy itself is founded on the rule of the people therefore in a perfect world, the people would get to decide who immigrates to Canada or not. The people of course are a very busy bunch therefore power of the people is delegated to those who are elected to be the representatives of the people. If there has to be one person who is given the responsibility of making all the decisions of state in Canada, it has to be the Prime Minister. The Prime Minster and the ruling party give their agenda to the people before they are elected and once they are elected, their standing on immigration becomes the people’s standing. It must be noted that the ideas given by politicians rarely become government policy in exact terms since the realities of state may demand some concessions. Eventually, with the help of law makers, legal advisors, economic analysts and the bureaucracy, the wishes of the people are translated into laws and policies. In a roundabout way, the wishes of the people are the guiding force behind the rules of the state but the reality seems different. For example, nearly 20% of the total population in Canada is immigrant yet family unification is not a top priority for the immigration policies maintained by the Canadian government since only 2.5% of immigrants in 2004 were permitted entry into Canada for the purposes of family reunification (Woroby, 2005). It can be assumed that the immigrant population would like to be reunited with their family members and bring them to Canada if possible yet Canadian immigration polices are focused in another direction altogether. Since the 1960s that direction has been the economic influence of